为什么最棒的雇员没有完美的简历！（附视频&演讲稿）| TED演讲

英语演讲君按

一个候选人拥有完美的简历，而另一个的经历则充满艰辛，人力资源总监瑞吉娜·哈特利总会给“拳击手”一个机会。作为一个在逆境中长大的人，哈特利知道，那些在黑暗中坚持拼搏的人能够在不断变化的工作状况中表现得更加坚毅。“

为什么最棒的雇员没有完美的简历

Your company launches a search for an open position. The applications start
rolling in, and the qualified candidates are identified. Now the choosing
begins. Person A: Ivy League, 4.0, flawless resume, great recommendations. All
the right stuff. Person B: state school, fair amount of job hopping, and odd
jobs like cashier and singing waitress. But remember — both are qualified. So I
ask you: who are you going to pick?

My colleagues and I created very official terms to describe two distinct
categories of candidates. We call A "the Silver Spoon," the one who clearly had
advantages and was destined for success. And we call B "the Scrapper," the one
who had to fight against tremendous odds to get to the same point. You just
heard a human resources director refer to people as Silver Spoons and Scrappers
—

which is not exactly politically correct and sounds a bit judgmental. But
before my human resources certification gets revoked —

let me explain.

A resume tells a story. And over the years, I've learned something about
people whose experiences read like a patchwork quilt, that makes me stop and
fully consider them before tossing their resumes away. A series of odd jobs may
indicate inconsistency, lack of focus, unpredictability. Or it may signal a
committed struggle against obstacles. At the very least, the Scrapper deserves
an interview.

To be clear, I don't hold anything against the Silver Spoon; getting into and
graduating from an elite university takes a lot of hard work and sacrifice. But
if your whole life has been engineered toward success, how will you handle the
tough times? One person I hired felt that because he attended an elite
university, there were certain assignments that were beneath him, like
temporarily doing manual labor to better understand an operation. Eventually, he
quit. But on the flip side, what happens when your whole life is destined for
failure and you actually succeed?

I want to urge you to interview the Scrapper. I know a lot about this because
I am a Scrapper. Before I was born, my father was diagnosed with paranoid
schizophrenia, and he couldn't hold a job in spite of his brilliance. Our lives
were one part "Cuckoo's Nest," one part "Awakenings" and one part "A Beautiful
Mind."

I'm the fourth of five children raised by a single mother in a rough
neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York.We never owned a home, a car, a washing
machine, and for most of my childhood, we didn't even have a telephone. So I was
highly motivated to understand the relationship between business success and
Scrappers, because my life could easily have turned out very differently. As I
met successful business people and read profiles of high-powered leaders, I
noticed some commonality.

Many of them had experienced early hardships, anywhere from poverty,
abandonment, death of a parent while young, to learning disabilities, alcoholism
and violence. The conventional thinking has been that trauma leads to distress,
and there's been a lot of focus on the resulting dysfunction. But during studies
of dysfunction, data revealed an unexpected insight: that even the worst
circumstances can result in growth and transformation. A remarkable and
counterintuitive phenomenon has been discovered, which scientists call Post
Traumatic Growth.

In one study designed to measure the effects of adversity on children at
risk, among a subset of 698 children who experienced the most severe and extreme
conditions, fully one-third grew up to lead healthy, successful and productive
lives. In spite of everything and against tremendous odds, they succeeded.
One-third.

Take this resume. This guy's parents give him up for adoption. He never
finishes college. He job-hops quite a bit, goes on a sojourn to India for a
year, and to top it off, he has dyslexia. Would you hire this guy? His name is
Steve Jobs.

In a study of the world's most highly successful entrepreneurs, it turns out
a disproportionate number have dyslexia. In the US, 35 percent of the
entrepreneurs studied had dyslexia. What's remarkable — among those
entrepreneurs who experience post traumatic growth, they now view their learning
disability as a desirable difficulty which provided them an advantage because
they became better listeners and paid greater attention to detail. They don't
think they are who they are in spite of adversity,they know they are who they
are because of adversity. They embrace their trauma and hardships as key
elements of who they've become, and know that without those experiences, they
might not have developed the muscle and grit required to become successful.

One of my colleagues had his life completely upended as a result of the
Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1966. At age 13, his parents were relocated to
the countryside, the schools were closed and he was left alone in Beijing to
fend for himself until 16, when he got a job in a clothing factory. But instead
of accepting his fate, he made a resolution that he would continue his formal
education. Eleven years later, when the political landscape changed, he heard
about a highly selective university admissions test. He had three months to
learn the entire curriculum of middle and high school. So, every day he came
home from the factory, took a nap, studied until 4am, went back to work and
repeated this cycle every day for three months. He did it, he succeeded. His
commitment to his education was unwavering, and he never lost hope. Today, he
holds a master's degree, and his daughters each have degrees from Cornell and
Harvard.

Scrappers are propelled by the belief that the only person you have full
control over is yourself. When things don't turn out well, Scrappers ask, "What
can I do differently to create a better result?"Scrappers have a sense of
purpose that prevents them from giving up on themselves, kind of like if you've
survived poverty, a crazy father and several muggings, you figure, "Business
challenges? —

Really? Piece of cake. I got this."

And that reminds me — humor. Scrappers know that humor gets you through the
tough times, and laughter helps you change your perspective.

And finally, there are relationships. People who overcome adversity don't do
it alone. Somewhere along the way, they find people who bring out the best in
them and who are invested in their success. Having someone you can count on no
matter what is essential to overcoming adversity. I was lucky. In my first job
after college, I didn't have a car, so I carpooled across two bridges with a
woman who was the president's assistant. She watched me work and encouraged me
to focus on my future and not dwell on my past. Along the way I've met many
people who've provided me brutally honest feedback, advice and mentorship. These
people don't mind that I once worked as a singing waitress to help pay for
college.

I'll leave you with one final, valuable insight. Companies that are committed
to diversity and inclusive practices tend to support Scrappers and outperform
their peers. According to DiversityInc, a study of their top 50 companies for
diversity outperformed the S&P 500 by 25 percent.

So back to my original question. Who are you going to bet on: Silver Spoon or
Scrapper? I say choose the underestimated contender, whose secret weapons are
passion and purpose.

Hire the Scrapper.

你的公司发布了一个公开招聘的职位。申请表开始滚滚而来，合格的候选人已被挑选出来。现在开始挑选。候选人A：常春藤盟校，绩点4.0，完美的履历，
出色的推荐信。所有好的要素都具备。候选人B：公立学校毕业，碾转于各种工作之间，甚至包括做收银员和唱歌的服务生。不过请记得—— 两位都是符合要求的。
所以，我要问问你们：你们会选择哪一位?

我和我的同事发明了一些非常正式的术语，来描述这两个不同类别的候选人。我们把 A 称为“含着金钥匙 (直译为‘银汤匙’)的人”，一个明显具有优势，
而且注定会成功的人。我们把 B 称为“拳击手”，必须努力冲破重重难关才能实现同样的目标。你们刚刚听到了一个人力资源总监将应聘者比作
银汤匙和拳击手——

这听起来在政治上不太正确，而且还有些武断。但在我的人力资源证书被吊销前——

让我来解释一下。

一份简历讲述了一个故事。过去的那些年，我了解到那些经历好似拼布床单的人，会让我在把他们的简历扔掉前会停下来认真地考虑一下他们。
一系列杂乱的工作可能意味着易变，不专心，难以捉摸。或者，它可能标志着努力挣扎跨越障碍。至少，“拳击手”应该得到一次面试机会。

不过我要强调一下，我并不排斥“银汤匙”; 能够被精英大学录取并顺利毕业，同样需要付出很多心血和牺牲。但是，如果你的一生都被设计为走向成功，
你要如何应对困难的时刻呢? 一位我曾经雇用过的人认为，因为他毕业于精英大学，某些类型的工作对他而言是低下的，比如短时间从事体力劳动以更好地了解公司运作。
最终，他离开了。但是，另一方面，如果你的人生注定失败，而你却成功了，这是怎么回事呢?

我会建议你去面试“拳击手”。我很了解这些，因为我自己就是一个“拳击手”。在我出生之前，我的父亲就被诊断为精神分裂症，他无法继续工作
尽管他很有才华。我们的生活就像“飞越疯人院”， “无语问苍天”，和“美丽心灵”的合集。

我是一位单身母亲五个孩子中的第四个，我们在纽约布鲁克林一个混乱的街区生活。我们从未拥有过一个家，一辆车，或是一个洗衣机，在我童年的大部分时间，
我们甚至没有一部电话。因此我有很强的意愿去理解生意场的成功和“拳击手”的关联，因为我的人生很容易就会发展出不同的结局。我见过成功的商人，
也阅读过具备出色领导能力的人的资料，我发现了其中的一些共性。

他们中的很多人经历过早年的困顿，可能是贫穷，被抛弃，亲人的早逝，也可能是学习障碍，酗酒和暴力。传统的思维认为创伤会导致痛苦，
而且还重点强调了失败的结果。但在我研究这些不成功的案例期间，得到的数据却揭示了一个出乎意料的结论：即便是最糟的境遇也能导致成长和转变。
一个显著但有悖常理的现象已经被发现了，科学家们称之为“创后成长”。

在一项设计用来衡量逆境对困苦的孩子会产生怎样影响的研究表明，在698位参与测试的孩子，在经历了最艰苦严苛的考验后，
他们中的三分之一长大后获得了健康、成功以及丰富的人生。尽管经历了巨大的艰难，但最后还是成功了。有三分之一这么多。

看看这份简历。他被亲生父母抛弃，交由他人收养。他没有完成大学学业。他在某段时期频繁跳槽，在印度逗留了一年，不止如此，他还有阅读障碍。
你会雇用他吗? 他的名字是史蒂夫·乔布斯。

一个对全球最成功企业家群体的研究表明，相当数量的企业家有阅读障碍。在美国， 35%的企业家有阅读障碍。值得注意的是——这些企业家中
那些经历过创后成长的人，成功后的他们将这样的学习障碍看作是值得经历的困难，这样的困难给予了他们优势，他们因此成为更好的听众，并且更加关注细节。
他们在经历逆境前，并没有看到自己的潜力，而因为逆境，他们准确地定位了自己。他们拥抱伤害和困顿，这是他们成为成功企业家的关键要素，
他们知道，如果没有这些经历，他们也许没有办法发展出成功者需要具备的勇气和毅力。

我有一位同事，因为中国 1966年的文化大革命，他的人生彻底颠覆了。在他13岁那年，他的父母被下放农村，学校关闭了，而他独自在北京谋生，
直到16岁，他在服装厂找到了一份工作。与其接受命运，他决心不如继续完成学业。 11年后，政治版图改变了，他听说了一个竞争相当激烈的大学入学考试。
他只有3个月来学习整个初中以及高中的课程。于是，每天他从工厂回家后，先睡一小觉，然后学习到凌晨四点，回去工厂工作，就这样日复一日过了整整三个月。
他做到了，他成功了。他继续求学的决心非常坚定，也从未放弃希望。今天，他拥有了硕士学位，他的两个女儿则分别毕业于康奈尔大学和哈佛大学。

“拳击手”被信念推动向前进，相信只有自己才能掌握自己的命运。当事情发展并不尽如人意， “拳击手”会问，“我能做些什么别的来创造一个更好的结果?”
“拳击手”有目标意识，永不放弃自己，如果你从贫穷，疯狂的父亲和数次被抢劫的经历中存活下来，你会觉得，“商业挑战?——

这还算事儿吗? 太简单了。我能搞定。”

这不禁让我想起——幽默感。 “拳击手”知道，幽默能够帮你度过最艰难的时刻，嘲笑你的人会帮助你改变对未来的看法。

最后，还有人际关系。那些克服困难的人并非一直单打独斗。奋斗过程中的某时某刻，他们会遇到伯乐，以及在他们成功的道路上倾囊相助的人。
不管发生什么事，总有一个人可以依靠，这是克服困境的关键。我很幸运。得到大学毕业后的第一份工作时，我还没有车，所以我与人拼车，跨越两座桥去上班，
那位女士当时还是总统助理。她看到我工作，并鼓励我放眼未来，

不要老是想着过去。一路走来我遇到了很多人，让我懂得了忠言逆耳，他们都是我的良师益友。这些人并不在意我曾经是个为了支付上大学的开销而
唱歌打工的女服务生。

最后再分享一个有价值的见解。那些致力于多样化和包容开放行为的公司更愿意去支持“拳击手”，让他们比同辈更出色。《多元化企业》杂志的
一项研究表明，最多元化的50家企业的运营表现超越了标准普尔500指数25%。

那么回到我最初的问题。你会将赌注放在谁身上： “银汤匙”还是“拳击手”? 我会选择被低估的竞争者，他/她的秘密武器是激情和决心。

请雇用“拳击手”。