Thrift源码分析，电子书源代码

协议和编解码是一个网络应用程序的核心问题之一，客户端和服务器通过约定的协议来传输消息(数据)，通过特定的格式来编解码字节流，并转化成业务消息，提供给上层框架调用。

Thrift的协议比较简单，它把协议和编解码整合在了一起。抽象类TProtocol定义了协议和编解码的顶层接口。个人感觉采用抽象类而不是接口的方式来定义顶层接口并不好，TProtocol关联了一个TTransport传输对象，而不是提供一个类似getTransport()的接口，导致抽象类的扩展性比接口差。

TProtocol主要做了两个事情:

关联TTransport对象

2.定义一系列读写消息的编解码接口，包括两类，一类是复杂数据结构比如readMessageBegin, readMessageEnd, writeMessageBegin, writMessageEnd.还有一类是基本数据结构，比如readI32, writeI32, readString, writeString

public abstract class TProtocol {

  /**
   * Transport
   */
  protected TTransport trans_;

　public abstract void writeMessageBegin(TMessage message) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeMessageEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeStructBegin(TStruct struct) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeStructEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeFieldBegin(TField field) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeFieldEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeFieldStop() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeMapBegin(TMap map) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeMapEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeListBegin(TList list) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeListEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeSetBegin(TSet set) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeSetEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract void writeBool(boolean b) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeByte(byte b) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeI16(short i16) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeI32(int i32) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeI64(long i64) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeDouble(double dub) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeString(String str) throws TException;

 public abstract void writeBinary(ByteBuffer buf) throws TException;

 /**
* Reading methods.
*/

 public abstract TMessage readMessageBegin() throws TException;

 public abstract void readMessageEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract TStruct readStructBegin() throws TException;

 public abstract void readStructEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract TField readFieldBegin() throws TException;

 public abstract void readFieldEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract TMap readMapBegin() throws TException;

 public abstract void readMapEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract TList readListBegin() throws TException;

 public abstract void readListEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract TSet readSetBegin() throws TException;

 public abstract void readSetEnd() throws TException;

 public abstract boolean readBool() throws TException;

 public abstract byte readByte() throws TException;

 public abstract short readI16() throws TException;

 public abstract int readI32() throws TException;

 public abstract long readI64() throws TException;

 public abstract double readDouble() throws TException;

 public abstract String readString() throws TException;

 public abstract ByteBuffer readBinary() throws TException;

 /**
* Reset any internal state back to a blank slate. This method only needs to
* be implemented for stateful protocols.
*/
 public void reset() {}

 /**
* Scheme accessor
*/
 public Class<? extends IScheme> getScheme() {
   return StandardScheme.class;
 }

}

所谓协议就是客户端和服务器端约定传输什么数据，如何解析传输的数据。对于一个RPC调用的协议来说，要传输的数据主要有:

调用方

方法的名称，包括类的名称和方法的名称
方法的参数，包括类型和参数值

3.一些附加的数据，比如附件，超时事件，自定义的控制信息等等

返回方

调用的返回码
返回值

3.异常信息

从TProtocol的定义我们可以看出Thrift的协议约定如下事情:

先writeMessageBegin表示开始传输消息了，写消息头。Message里面定义了方法名，调用的类型，版本号，消息seqId

2.接下来是写方法的参数，实际就是写消息体。如果参数是一个类，就writeStructBegin

接下来写字段，writeFieldBegin, 这个方法会写接下来的字段的数据类型和顺序号。这个顺序号是Thrfit对要传输的字段的一个编码，从１开始
如果是一个集合就writeListBegin/writeMapBegin，如果是一个基本数据类型，比如int, 就直接writeI32
每个复杂数据类型写完都调用writeXXXEnd，直到writeMessageEnd结束
读消息时根据数据类型读取相应的长度

每个writeXXX都是采用消息头+消息体的方式。我们来看TBinaryProtocol的实现。

1.writeMessgeBegin方法写了消息头，包括4字节的版本号和类型信息，字符串类型的方法名，４字节的序列号seqId

writeFieldBegin，写了１个字节的字段数据类型，和2个字节字段的顺序号
writeI32，写了４个字节的字节数组
writeString,先写４字节消息头表示字符串长度，再写字符串字节
writeBinary,先写４字节消息头表示字节数组长度，再写字节数组内容

6.readMessageBegin时，先读４字节版本和类型信息，再读字符串，再读４字节序列号

7.readFieldBegin，先读1个字节的字段数据类型，再读2个字节的字段顺序号

readString时，先读４字节字符串长度，再读字符串内容。字符串统一采用UTF-8编码

 public void writeMessageBegin(TMessage message) throws TException {
    if (strictWrite_) {
      int version = VERSION_1 | message.type;
      writeI32(version);
      writeString(message.name);
      writeI32(message.seqid);
    } else {
      writeString(message.name);
      writeByte(message.type);
      writeI32(message.seqid);
    }
  }

public void writeFieldBegin(TField field) throws TException {
   writeByte(field.type);
   writeI16(field.id);
 }

private byte[] i32out = new byte[4];
 public void writeI32(int i32) throws TException {
   i32out[0] = (byte)(0xff & (i32 >> 24));
   i32out[1] = (byte)(0xff & (i32 >> 16));
   i32out[2] = (byte)(0xff & (i32 >> 8));
   i32out[3] = (byte)(0xff & (i32));
   trans_.write(i32out, 0, 4);
 }

public void writeString(String str) throws TException {
   try {
     byte[] dat = str.getBytes("UTF-8");
     writeI32(dat.length);
     trans_.write(dat, 0, dat.length);
   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uex) {
     throw new TException("JVM DOES NOT SUPPORT UTF-8");
   }
 }

public void writeBinary(ByteBuffer bin) throws TException {
   int length = bin.limit() - bin.position();
   writeI32(length);
   trans_.write(bin.array(), bin.position() + bin.arrayOffset(), length);
 }

public TMessage readMessageBegin() throws TException {
   int size = readI32();
   if (size < 0) {
     int version = size & VERSION_MASK;
     if (version != VERSION_1) {
       throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.BAD_VERSION, "Bad version in readMessageBegin");
     }
     return new TMessage(readString(), (byte)(size & 0x000000ff), readI32());
   } else {
     if (strictRead_) {
       throw new TProtocolException(TProtocolException.BAD_VERSION, "Missing version in readMessageBegin, old client?");
     }
     return new TMessage(readStringBody(size), readByte(), readI32());
   }
 }

public TField readFieldBegin() throws TException {
   byte type = readByte();
   short id = type == TType.STOP ? 0 : readI16();
   return new TField("", type, id);
 }

public String readString() throws TException {
   int size = readI32();

   if (trans_.getBytesRemainingInBuffer() >= size) {
     try {
       String s = new String(trans_.getBuffer(), trans_.getBufferPosition(), size, "UTF-8");
       trans_.consumeBuffer(size);
       return s;
     } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
       throw new TException("JVM DOES NOT SUPPORT UTF-8");
     }
   }

   return readStringBody(size);
 }

TProtocol定义了基本的协议信息，包括传输什么数据，如何解析传输的数据的基本方法。

还存在一个问题，就是服务器端如何知道客户端发送过来的数据是怎么组合的，比如第一个字段是字符串类型，第二个字段是int。这个信息是在IDL生成客户端时生成的代码时提供了。Thrift生成的客户端代码提供了读写参数的方法，这两个方式是一一对应的，包括字段的序号，类型等等。客户端使用写参数的方法，服务器端使用读参数的方法。

关于IDL生成的客户端代码会在后面的文章具体描述。下面简单看一下自动生成的代码

方法的调用从writeMessageBegin开始，发送了消息头信息
写方法的参数，也就是写消息体。方法参数由一个统一的接口TBase描述，提供了read和write的统一接口。自动生成的代码提供了read, write方法参数的具体实现
写完结束

 public void write_args(org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol prot) throws org.apache.thrift.TException {
        prot.writeMessageBegin(new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TMessage("handle", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TMessageType.CALL, 0));
        handle_args args = new handle_args();
        args.setIdentity(identity);
        args.setUid(uid);
        args.setSid(sid);
        args.setType(type);
        args.setMessage(message);
        args.setParams(params);
        args.write(prot);
        prot.writeMessageEnd();
      }

public interface TBase<T extends TBase<?,?>, F extends TFieldIdEnum> extends Comparable<T>,  Serializable {

 public void read(TProtocol iprot) throws TException;

 public void write(TProtocol oprot) throws TException;
｝

public static class handle_args <strong>implements org.apache.thrift.TBase</strong><handle_args, handle_args._Fields>, java.io.Serializable, Cloneable   {
   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TStruct STRUCT_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TStruct("handle_args");

   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField IDENTITY_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("identity", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STRING, (short)1);
   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField UID_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("uid", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.I64, (short)2);
   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField SID_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("sid", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STRING, (short)3);
   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField TYPE_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("type", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.I32, (short)4);
   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField MESSAGE_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("message", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STRING, (short)5);
   private static final org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField PARAMS_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("params", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.MAP, (short)6);

   private static final Map<Class<? extends IScheme>, SchemeFactory> schemes = new HashMap<Class<? extends IScheme>, SchemeFactory>();
   static {
     schemes.put(StandardScheme.class, new handle_argsStandardSchemeFactory());
     schemes.put(TupleScheme.class, new handle_argsTupleSchemeFactory());
   }

   public String identity; // required
   public long uid; // required
   public String sid; // required
   public int type; // required
   public String message; // required
   public Map<String,String> params; // required

   /**The set of fields this struct contains, along with convenience methods for finding and manipulating them. */
   public enum _Fields implements org.apache.thrift.TFieldIdEnum {
     IDENTITY((short)1, "identity"),
     UID((short)2, "uid"),
     SID((short)3, "sid"),
     TYPE((short)4, "type"),
     MESSAGE((short)5, "message"),
     PARAMS((short)6, "params");
｝

//　　自动生成的写方法参数的方法，按照字段顺序写，给客户端代码使用
     public void write(org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol oprot, handle_args struct) throws org.apache.thrift.TException {
       struct.validate();

       oprot.writeStructBegin(STRUCT_DESC);
       if (struct.identity != null) {
         oprot.writeFieldBegin(IDENTITY_FIELD_DESC);
         oprot.writeString(struct.identity);
         oprot.writeFieldEnd();
       }
       oprot.writeFieldBegin(UID_FIELD_DESC);
       oprot.writeI64(struct.uid);
       oprot.writeFieldEnd();
       if (struct.sid != null) {
         oprot.writeFieldBegin(SID_FIELD_DESC);
         oprot.writeString(struct.sid);
         oprot.writeFieldEnd();
       }
       oprot.writeFieldBegin(TYPE_FIELD_DESC);
       oprot.writeI32(struct.type);
       oprot.writeFieldEnd();
       if (struct.message != null) {
         oprot.writeFieldBegin(MESSAGE_FIELD_DESC);
         oprot.writeString(struct.message);
         oprot.writeFieldEnd();
       }
｝

//　　自动生成的读方法参数的方法，按照字段顺序读，给服务器端代码使用

public void read(org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol iprot, handle_args struct) throws org.apache.thrift.TException {  
       org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField schemeField;  
       iprot.readStructBegin();  
       while (true)  
       {  
         schemeField = iprot.readFieldBegin();  
         if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STOP) {   
           break;  
         }  
         switch (schemeField.id) {  
           case 1: // IDENTITY  
             if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STRING) {  
               struct.identity = iprot.readString();  
               struct.setIdentityIsSet(true);  
             } else {   
               org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type);  
             }  
             break;  
           case 2: // UID  
             if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.I64) {  
               struct.uid = iprot.readI64();  
               struct.setUidIsSet(true);  
             } else {   
               org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type);  
             }  
             break;  
           case 3: // SID  
             if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STRING) {  
               struct.sid = iprot.readString();  
               struct.setSidIsSet(true);  
             } else {   
               org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type);  
             }  
             break;  
           case 4: // TYPE  
             if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.I32) {  
               struct.type = iprot.readI32();  
               struct.setTypeIsSet(true);  
             } else {   
               org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type);  
             }  
             break;  
｝

获取

Related Posts

一个危险的Python函数，不推荐使用pdf，txt教程

【自驾必备：为自驾旅行而生——酷走智能行车记录仪】

图书《无线通信（第二版）》在线阅读

发表回复